Cell Biology  

Labeled with our exceptionally bright and photostable CF fluorescent dyes, these antibody, streptavidin and lectin conjugates are excellent for microscopy, flow cytometry and western blotting applications. New protein conjugates will become available as we expand the scope of our CF dye technologies. Biotium's Mix-n-Stain CF dye antibody labeling kits represent a revolutionary technology that enables labeling of 5-100 ug of primary antibody with your choice of CF dye in 30 minutes with 100% yield and no subsequent purification steps.

Biotium provides a range of fluorescent and related reagents for studying different aspects of apoptosis, including caspase activity, phosphatidylserine translocation, mitochondrial function, cytoplasmic membrane integrity and nuclear morphology.

Biotium supplies a wide variety of biotin-conjugates including toxins, nucleotides, fluorescent dyes, secondary antibodies, as well as reactive biotin compounds.

Biotium offers several kits for assaying cell proliferation and viability based on cellular ATP levels, reductase activity, esterase activity and cell membrane integrity.

Biotium provides a range of fluorescent and related probes for staining various cellular and sub-cellular structures, including cytoskeleton, nucleus, organelles, cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane.

Biotium provides a range of enzyme substrates that yield fluorescent or colored products after reaction with specific enzymes. Products for detecting enzyme activities in both cell-free systems and in live cells are available. In addition, Biotium offers exceptionally high quality bioluminescent substrates for popular reporter assay enzymes, including D-luciferin substrate for firefly luciferase and many coelenterazine-derived substrates for renilla luciferase.

Ion and pH indicators are fluorescent compounds that undergo shifts in fluorescence spectra in response to changes in ion concentrations. Many ion indicators are available as membrane-permeable AM ester derivatives, which are hydrolyzed by cytoplasmic esterase enzymes to generate functional free acid indicator dyes.

Biotium provides a range of reagents for nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species research.

For covalent labeling of proteins or other molecules with fluorescent dyes, biotin, or other molecules, we provide a variety of reactive conjugates capable of forming covalent bonds with specific types of chemical groups. Due to their exceptional brightness and photostability, our patented reactive CF dyes are superior choices for covalently labeling proteins, nucleic acids and other biomolecules.

Using proprietary formulations, we offer convenient reporter gene assay kits such as those for firefly, renilla and dual luciferase with high sensitivity and excellent linearity. The kits offer robust signal, wide dynamic range, and low autobioluminescence.

Biotium offers a selection of unlabeled and labeled receptor/ion channel ligands, such as alpha-bungarotoxin and tetrodotoxin (TTX). Biotium also offers phalloidin and phallocidin, which are bicyclic peptides isolated from the deadly Amanita phalloides mushroom. Phallotoxins bind specifically to F-actin filaments with high affinity. As a result, fluorescently labeled phalloidin conjugates are widely used for studies of the cytoskeleton.

Biotium offers a selection of products for microbiology including fluorescently-labeled lectin conjugates, kits for gram positive and negative stains and cytotoxicity. Our PMA dye is a novel DNA-binding agent that covalently modifies the DNA of membrane-compromised cells, but not live cells. This feature makes PMA very useful in selective detection of live pathogens by qPCR.

These are cytoplasmic membrane dyes that undergo fluorescence changes in response to membrane potential. There are so-called fast-response and slow-response membrane potential dyes. Dyes in the first category respond to membrane potential change by changing their intramolecular electron distribution, which in turn causes fluorescence change. Because electron distribution change does not require any physical movement of the dyes, the response is typically fast. However, fast-response dyes typically show only about 2-10% fluorescence change per 100 mV. Slow-response dyes are dyes whose fluorescence change relies on the transmembrane movement of the dyes in the electrical field. Slow-response dyes typically show a greater response than fast-response membrane dyes. Recently, as much as 30% fluorescence change per 100 mV has been achieved using a combination of a cytoplasmic membrane dye, DiOC16(3), and a lipophilic quencher, DPA.

Biotium offers a selection of commonly used buffers and reagents for cell biology, including our EverBrite cell mounting media, which offers excellent fluorescence protection for dyes of all colors.